Question Bank — Reproduction: How Life Continues

NCERT Class 9 Science · Chapter 11 · CBSE Board Pattern

Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Question Bank CBSE Board Pattern

Section A — MCQs (10 questions, 1 mark each)

1. Which of the following is an example of vegetative propagation?
(a) Budding in yeast
(b) Spore formation in Rhizopus
(c) Sprouting of plantlets from Bryophyllum leaves
(d) Binary fission in Amoeba

2. The process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant is called:
(a) Cross-pollination
(b) Self-pollination
(c) Fertilisation
(d) Germination

3. In humans, the number of chromosomes present in a gamete is:
(a) 23 pairs
(b) 46
(c) 23
(d) 44

4. Assertion (A): Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
Reason (R): It involves mitosis and only one parent.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

5. Which structure in a flower produces male gametes?
(a) Ovary
(b) Stigma
(c) Anther
(d) Ovule

6. Assertion (A): Meiosis is essential in sexual reproduction.
Reason (R): It reduces the chromosome number to half so that the zygote has the normal number of chromosomes.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

7. In which of the following organisms does external fertilisation occur?
(a) Humans
(b) Lizards
(c) Frogs
(d) Birds

8. The inner lining of the uterus is shed along with blood when the egg is not fertilised. This process is known as:
(a) Ovulation
(b) Menstruation
(c) Fertilisation
(d) Implantation

9. The swollen basal part of the pistil that develops into a fruit after fertilisation is the:
(a) Stigma
(b) Style
(c) Ovary
(d) Ovule

10. Which method of vegetative propagation involves burying a flexible twig under the soil?
(a) Cutting
(b) Grafting
(c) Layering
(d) Tissue culture

Section B — Very Short Answer (6 questions, 2 marks each)

1. Define vegetative propagation. Give one example from the chapter.
2. Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
3. What is the role of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
4. Why is meiosis called reduction division?
5. State two differences between sperm and egg (as given in the chapter).
6. What happens to the ovule and ovary after fertilisation in flowering plants?

Section C — Short Answer (5 questions, 3 marks each)

1. Describe the structure of a typical flower with the help of the parts mentioned in the chapter.
2. Explain the process of budding in Hydra with a labelled description.
3. How does the menstrual cycle prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy? Describe the key stages.
4. Why do wind-pollinated flowers produce a large number of pollen grains? Give two reasons supported by the chapter.
5. Distinguish between external and internal fertilisation with one example of each from the chapter.

Section D — Long Answer (3 questions, 5 marks each)

1. Describe the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants starting from pollination up to seed and fruit formation. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower showing stamen and pistil.
2. Explain the structure and functions of the male and female reproductive systems in humans. How does fertilisation occur and what follows if the egg is fertilised?
3. What are the different methods of asexual reproduction discussed in the chapter? Explain any two methods of vegetative propagation used in agriculture with their advantages.

Section E — Case/Source-Based (2 questions, 4 marks each)

Case 1

A gardener wants to grow many plants of a desired variety quickly. He uses techniques like cutting, grafting and layering. He also learns that tissue culture using shoot tips produces virus-free plantlets.

(i) Name the mode of reproduction involved in these techniques.
(ii) Why are the plants obtained by these methods genetically identical?
(iii) How does grafting differ from cutting?
(iv) State one advantage of tissue culture mentioned in the chapter.

Case 2

In an activity, students observed that flowers with stamens removed and covered with muslin cloth did not form fruits, while uncovered flowers and those with intact stamens formed fruits.

(i) What process is being studied in this activity?
(ii) Why did the flower with stamens removed fail to form fruit?
(iii) Name the two types of pollination possible in nature.
(iv) How does pollination ultimately lead to seed formation?

▶ Answer Key Attempt all questions first,
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Section A

  1. (c)
  2. (b)
  3. (c)
  4. (a)
  5. (c)
  6. (a)
  7. (c)
  8. (b)
  9. (c)
  10. (c)

Section B

  1. Vegetative propagation: new plants arise from vegetative parts of a single parent (1 mark); example — Bryophyllum leaves sprouting plantlets / potato / ginger (1 mark).
  2. Self-pollination: pollen transferred to stigma of same flower/plant (1 mark); Cross-pollination: pollen transferred to stigma of another plant of same species (1 mark).
  3. Keeps testes slightly cooler than body temperature, necessary for sperm formation (2 marks).
  4. Reduces chromosome number from diploid (46) to haploid (23) in gametes (2 marks).
  5. Any two: size (sperm very small, egg large); number (millions vs few); stored nutrients (absent vs present); motility (actively motile vs non-motile) (1+1 marks).
  6. Ovule develops into seed; ovary develops into fruit (1+1 marks).

Section C

  1. Four whorls — sepals (protection), petals (attraction), stamen (male — anther + filament), pistil (female — stigma, style, ovary) — 1 mark each point.
  2. Repeated cell division at a site produces bud; bud enlarges and detaches to form new hydra (3 marks).
  3. After ovulation, uterine lining becomes thick and rich in blood vessels to receive zygote; if no fertilisation, lining sheds (menstruation) (3 marks).
  4. Pollen light and produced in huge numbers; stigma long and feathery to trap pollen (any two points — 1.5 marks each).
  5. External: outside female body (frog/fish); Internal: inside female body (humans/lizards) — 1.5 marks each.

Section D

  1. Pollination → pollen tube formation → fertilisation (fusion of gametes) → zygote → embryo; ovary → fruit, ovule → seed. Diagram: labelled sepal, petal, stamen (anther, filament), pistil (stigma, style, ovary, ovule) — definition & sequence 3 marks, diagram 2 marks.
  2. Male: testes (sperm + hormone), vas deferens, urethra, glands; Female: ovaries (eggs + hormone), oviducts, uterus, vagina; fertilisation in oviduct → zygote implants in uterus → pregnancy (5 marks with points).
  3. Budding, spore formation, vegetative propagation; explain cutting and grafting/layering with advantages (large scale, desirable characters) — 5 marks.

Section E

Case 1

(i) Asexual/vegetative propagation (1 mark)
(ii) Single parent + mitosis (1 mark)
(iii) Grafting joins two plants; cutting uses stem piece of one plant (1 mark)
(iv) Produces virus-free plantlets / mass production (1 mark)

Case 2

(i) Pollination (1 mark)
(ii) No pollen transfer possible without stamens (1 mark)
(iii) Self-pollination and cross-pollination (1 mark)
(iv) Pollen reaches stigma → fertilisation → ovule becomes seed (1 mark)

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All questions are answerable from the NCERT chapter text. Reviewed by GFIS faculty.