Question Bank — Neural Control and Coordination

QUESTION BANK

Neural Control and Coordination (Class 11 – NCERT Chapter 18)

Section A — MCQs (1 mark each)

1. The neural system provides coordination through:
   (a) Hormones (b) Point-to-point connections (c) Blood flow only (d) Both hormones and blood flow

2. Which fibres transmit impulses from tissues/organs to the CNS?
   (a) Efferent fibres (b) Afferent fibres (c) Motor fibres (d) Both afferent and efferent

3. Nissl’s granules are present in:
   (a) Only axon (b) Cell body and dendrites (c) Only synaptic knob (d) Myelin sheath

4. The gaps between adjacent myelin sheaths are called:
   (a) Synaptic cleft (b) Nodes of Ranvier (c) Schwann cells (d) Axon hillock

5. During resting state, the axonal membrane is:
   (a) More permeable to Na⁺ (b) More permeable to K⁺ (c) Impermeable to all ions (d) Equally permeable to Na⁺ and K⁺

6. The sodium-potassium pump transports:
   (a) 2 Na⁺ out and 3 K⁺ in (b) 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in (c) 3 Na⁺ in and 2 K⁺ out (d) 2 Na⁺ in and 3 K⁺ out

7. Electrical synapses are:
   (a) More common than chemical synapses (b) Slower than chemical synapses (c) Rare in human neural system (d) Separated by a large synaptic cleft

8. The hypothalamus is a part of:
   (a) Midbrain (b) Hindbrain (c) Forebrain (d) Spinal cord

9. Corpora quadrigemina are located in:
   (a) Forebrain (b) Midbrain (c) Hindbrain (d) Cerebellum

Assertion-Reason Questions

10. Assertion (A): Myelinated nerve fibres conduct impulses faster than non-myelinated fibres.
    Reason (R): Myelinated fibres are enveloped by Schwann cells that form a myelin sheath with nodes of Ranvier.
    (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
    (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
    (c) A is true but R is false.
    (d) A is false but R is true.

11. Assertion (A): The cerebral cortex is called grey matter.
    Reason (R): It contains concentrated neuron cell bodies.
    (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
    (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
    (c) A is true but R is false.
    (d) A is false but R is true.

Section B — Very Short Answer (2 marks each)

1. Differentiate between afferent and efferent nerve fibres.
2. What are the three major parts of a neuron? State one function of each.
3. Define resting potential. How is it maintained?
4. Name the three types of neurons based on the number of axons and dendrites, with one example of each.
5. What is the visceral nervous system?
6. List any two functions of the hypothalamus.

Section C — Short Answer (3 marks each)

1. Compare myelinated and non-myelinated axons.
2. Explain the role of Na⁺ ions in the generation of action potential.
3. Differentiate between electrical and chemical synapses.
4. Describe the three layers of cranial meninges.
5. Write a short note on the limbic system and its functions.

Section D — Long Answer (5 marks each)

1. Describe the structure of a neuron with the help of a labelled diagram. (Diagram – 3 marks; description – 2 marks)
2. Explain the mechanism of generation and conduction of a nerve impulse along an axon.
3. Describe the three major parts of the human brain (forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain) along with the functions of their main subdivisions.

Section E — Case/Source-Based (4 marks each)

Passage 1

During a physical exercise, energy demand increases. This leads to increased oxygen supply, faster respiration and increased heart rate. When exercise stops, all activities gradually return to normal. The neural system provides quick point-to-point coordination while the endocrine system provides chemical integration.

Sub-questions

(a) Which two systems jointly coordinate body activities? (1)
(b) Name the two divisions of the PNS. (1)
(c) Which division of the autonomic neural system is active during increased physical activity? (1)
(d) Why does the body return to normal condition after exercise? (1)

Passage 2

A nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another through junctions called synapses. At chemical synapses, neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane, generating a new potential.

Sub-questions

(a) What is a synapse? (1)
(b) Name the chemicals involved in transmission at chemical synapses. (1)
(c) Where are synaptic vesicles located? (1)
(d) What may be the nature of the new potential developed in the post-synaptic neuron? (1)